Delivery characteristics of the micro- drip infusion sets from 3 different manufacturers were similar. Volume delivered by the piggybacked micro- drip decreased up to 29.7% ± 0.8% (mean ± SE) as the carrier flow increased from 0 to 1998 mL/min. Total model resistance of the micro- drip with stopcock and catheter varied with flow rate. The volume of fluid delivered by gravity-driven infusion under wide-open conditions (continuous fluid column in drip chamber) varied 2.9-fold (95% confidence interval, 2.84-2.96) depending on catheter size and fluid column height. To model resistive effects of carrier flow, volumetric infusion pumps were used to deliver various flow rates of normal saline through a carrier IV set into which a micro- drip infusion was "piggybacked." We also compared delivery by micro- drip infusion sets from 3 manufacturers. Fluid volume delivered in 1 minute was measured 4 times with each condition. The roller clamp on the infusion set was in fully open position for all experiments resulting in a continuous column of fluid in the drip chamber. The fluid meniscus height in the bag was fixed (60-120 cm) above the outflow point. Vertically oriented IV catheters (gauges 14-22) were connected to the stopcock. A micro- drip infusion set, plugged into a bag of normal saline, was connected to a high-flow stopcock at the distal end. We conducted laboratory experiments to characterize volume delivery under various clinically relevant conditions of wide-open flow in an in vitro laboratory model. We hypothesized that during this "wide-open" state, drug delivery becomes dependent on factors extrinsic to the micro- drip set and is therefore difficult to predict. ![]() When the roller clamp is fully open, flow in the drip chamber can be a continuous fluid column rather than discrete, countable, drops. ![]() Gravity-driven micro- drip infusion sets allow control of medication dose delivery by adjusting drops per minute. Pierce, Eric T Kumar, Vikram Zheng, Hui Peterfreund, Robert A Medication and volume delivery by gravity-driven micro- drip intravenous infusion: potential variations during "wide-open" flow.
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